Definition
NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) is a binary encoding scheme where binary 1 is represented by one significant condition (usually a positive voltage) and binary 0 by another (usually a negative or zero voltage), with no neutral or rest condition between bits.
Detailed Explanation
NRZ encoding comes in two main variants: NRZ-L (Level) and NRZ-I (Invert).
NRZ-L (Level):
- Binary 1: Positive voltage
- Binary 0: Negative voltage
- Most straightforward encoding method
- Used in short-distance, low-speed communications
NRZ-I (Invert):
- Change in voltage level represents 1
- No change represents 0
- Better for long sequences of same bits
- Provides some self-synchronization
Advantages:
- Simple to implement
- Efficient bandwidth usage
- Easy to decode
Limitations:
- No error detection
- Loss of synchronization during long sequences of same bit
- DC component present
- Not suitable for high-speed communication over long distances